When your account currency is different from the quote currency of the pair, the pip calculator first finds the pip value in the quote currency (using the standard formula), then converts it into your account currency based on the prevailing exchange rate. This ensures the pip value is expressed in your account’s currency.

For most currency pairs (e.g. EUR/USD, GBP/USD), one pip is typically a movement in the fourth decimal place (0.0001).
When Japanese yen (JPY) is involved, the pip is defined at the second decimal place (0.01) due to how yen-based pairs are conventionally quoted.

Yes — fractional pips (often called “pipettes”, i.e. one-tenth of a standard pip) provide finer granularity in price movements. While they are smaller, over large position sizes these fractions can accumulate and slightly influence profit/loss or margin estimates. The pip calculator often takes them into account to give you more precise values.

No — the theoretical pip value (i.e. value per pip movement) is determined by your trade size, the currency pair, and exchange rates, and does not change simply because the market is volatile or spreads widen. However, in volatile markets, actual costs (due to slippage, wider spreads) can affect your real net gain or loss beyond the pure pip calculation.